Apparatus for producing power.



D. H. SMALLEY. APPARATUS rdn PR'onuclNG POWER. APPLICATION man AuGJ. isis. 1,258,713. Paf-.Ema Mar.12,1918

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

D. H. SMALLEY.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING POWER.

APPLIQATION FILED AUG-7. I9I6- 1,258,713. Patented Mar.12,1918.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

n. H. SMALLEY'.l APPARATUS FOR P RODUGING POWER.. APPLICATION FILED AU G.| 1916. l

` Patend. Mal'. 12,

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D. H. SMALLEY.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCINGPOWER.

Patented Mar. 12, 1918.

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DAVID H'. SMALLEY, .OlfT SOUTH'PASADENA, GALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR 01E ONE-HALF TO EDWARD-DOUBLE, 0F IOS ANCvTrLEllZIJS, CALIFORNIA.

APPARATUS; Fonnonuonmrownn. Y

Specicatiomof Lettersatent. Patente-,(11 Mil/12. 1918i,

.Applicationviled August?, 1916..` Seriallo. 113,426.

To allwhomz't may concern.- j

Be it known. that 1DAv1D H. SMALLEX, a citizen of the United States, residing, at South Pasadena, in the county ot, Los.r An# geles, and; State ot California, haverinvent-v cda new and-ruseiulApparatus.tor ".Produc;V ing Power, of Whichthe following is a; specif cation, v p

ThisV invention relates tointernal/combustion enginese and also tothemethod of; prof ducing; power from the combustion of liquid iuels.` y

An` obj ecto this invention iste-make pro.- vision for the; utilization ot someofI theheat units that otherwise Would be radiated from the engine andthe-energy; represented thereby lost. Y

Another' object isto. maximize the power obtainable from` burning; a given` quantity of fuelqoil. i

Another-object, isftol effect. the foregoing by simple and,` reliable construction.

@therobj ects,V and advantages. will, appear inthe Subj oined1 detail description\.

The accompanyingl draWingsillustrate-two forms of the newly invented apparatus whereby thetnewly inventedrmethod. may be performed; 1 Y

, Figure 1'l is, an, elevation mainly in. vertif cal mid section of a. onefcylinder four-cycle type ,f of thev new apparatus, a, portion. of the crank. case being; brokenaway for clearness otillustration. v i

Fig. 2 is an end elevation, partly in sectionL online.I indicated, by` m2o-:m2 Fig. 1

Fig.A 3.- SV anv eleva-tionL looking at theO right handcylinder head the piston. being in crosssection.

Fig.` 4i is an elevation, mainlyv in vertical midi section of aF two-.cylinderl twoecycle type of thenew apparatus.,

Fig. 5/A issan elevation, mainly froml the irregular line indicated by. mism?, Eig. 4a,

Fig., 6.. is V a-J tragmental side elevationv from the left 015' Fig,.5.. Y. y

Firstconsideringr the four-cycle type of the: invention shown in. Figs. .1, to.3,.inclusive, there isgprovideda1 cylinderl which. may be cooled at its combustion. .end by4 a..water jacket 2 and at its oppositeendbfy heat radiating fins.. 3.'. Working inthef cylinder I1 is apiston connectedf-by a, piston rod. 5,'a11d pivot 6 toa pitrnan. I which; in turniis. connected to a crank arm Sof a crankshaft. 9 having; a. fly Wheel, 1 (),mountedA thereon.

The combustion end. ofthe cylinder is provided with a, valve chamber 11 in Which are located intake and exhaust valves 12, 13 re- SEeCtVely, said valves being operated' atpre.- determinedintervals in a manner Well' un;

derstood inthe artl yby valve gears 145.15V re.- i

spectively asv shown in Figl v2 to controljin# take and exhaust ports 16, 1'7irespectively ot the cylinder.

rEhe foregoing construction corresponds toa known'type of. Diesel engneand the op..- eration thereoi'f` is Well, understood;

VThe opposite end of the cylinder 1 isi pro.- vided With, an ail' tight head 18v having a vstulling box. and gland 19, 2.0 respectively throughA which. the piston. rod, 5, passes. This end.. ofthe cylinder is provided. With'air in,- takefand exhaust, valves, 2l, 22 which are operated; at vsuitable intervals, as will= be more,clearlyexplained hereinafter,- by valve gears: 23,. 24, respectively to controlv intake Vand exhaust ports, 25, 26v respectively. The

valve 21, controls the. inductionl of air throng ed with. the intake port 25.`

A, tube consisting of one or moremembers f as desired and. indicatedj in general at 2.6 forms, acoil 2,7l in the combustion end' of thei cylinder in'. the compressionf space a. be,- hind the piston, and said tube'torms another coil, 2 8. in the opposite end ofthe cylinder in. the air compressionV 'space 'b in, front 5 of the piston.. A. portion of. the tube 2.6 forms a., coil.. 29 in the air induction tube4 25" and another; portion. forms a, coil 30j inside of. a Water jacket 3l.. Thel tube 26?v thusV oImS a closed; circut for a. heatconducting medium. or agent preferably. inVv the form of mercury 32. p

It i'suwell knowny that, in, theoperation of internal. combustionl engines andl especially those voflthe Diesel. type, `temperature, values are relatively.. great, and; itisftheletore clear thatvr inA practice vthe engine Will' be started into. operation in a. manner.V Well understood in the art to driveV the piston on itsout:

. out-.strokefin the'direction of the arrow cin .kan air induction pipe 25. connect- Fig. 1. On its return iii-stroke the piston 4 scavenges the burnt gases through the exhaust port 17 yin a manner well understood in the art. F or convenience of description the above described suction, compression, power and exhaust strokes of theV piston are herein termed first, second, third and fourth strokesrespectively. Y y

The valve gear 23 is so constructed as to open the air intake valve 2l to admit air into the cylinder in front of the'piston 4 Vduring said second stroke of the piston uti- Y lized for compressing the charge of air in the ucts of combustion from the cylinder, the` air thus compressed in the compression space b will have a higher degree of expansion force than when said air was being compressed thus materially aiding in propelling the'piston 4 on its fourth or scavenging stroke; The air in the compression space o expanding tends to cool and extracts more heat from the coil 28 which in turn absorbs heat from the mercury'vapor therein.

The mercury vapor circulates through the coil 28 andthence through the coil 29 which in turn radiates heat into the air passing through the air induction tube 25 so as to somewhat cool the mercury vapor and heat the air passing through said tube. F rom the coil 29 the mercury vapor passes to the coil 30 where said vapor is so thoroughly cooled as to liquefy the mercury, and the liquefied mercury flows from said coil 30 into the coil 27 to bethere vaporizcd again as described above. VThe piston 4 returning from its scavenging stroke Ysucks in a new charge of air through the intake port 16 as before and scavenges the expanded air in the compression space 2') through theexhaust port 26, the exhaustV valve 22 having been operated toopen by its valve gear at the appropriate time in a manner well understood.

From the foregoing it is clear `that the mercury circulates from end to end of the cylinder 1 through the tube 26 so as to form a path for the transference of4 heat from the combustion space a to the air compression space o. -The expanding air in the space is always of greater temperature ,than Vthe air in said space when said air 1s being compressed, for the coil 28 and the hot mercury 'vapor therein areicontinually imparting heat to said air as 1t is being comrThough the Diesel type of engine has been Y shown in the drawings and described it is understood that the invention is not limited to the Diesel type but may be embodied in Thus it is Y clear that there is more anyA other type of combustion engine with I good results. Y i

' The two-cycle type Vof the invention shown in Figs. 4 to 6 inclusive will now be described: There is provided any desired number of cylinders 34 containing pistons V35 which are connected by piston rods 36, pivots 37 and Ypitmen 38 to cranks 39 of a crank shaft 4() journaled in bearings 41. There is also provided a two-stage air compressor 42 connected by its piston rod 43 to a crank 44 of thecrank shaft 40; and furthermore lthere is provided a fuel pressure pump 45 connected by its piston rod 46 to a crank 47 of the crank shaft.

The cylinders 34 are provided with yinlet ports 48 controlled by valves 49 and are also provided with exhaust ports 50 controlled by the pistons 35. The intake v-alves 49 are operated by suitable valve gears 50.

The construction just described is not uncommon and therefore is readily under-- stood without more detailed description. The cylinders are provided with heads 5l, said heads forming boxes 52 and there be` ing glands 53 for the boxes so as to make airtight Chambers in front of the pistons 35, the piston rods 36 passing through the stufng boxes and glands.

Y There are provided tubes corresponding tothe tubes 26 in Fig. Vland designated by the same reference character and said tubes form coils y27, 28, 29 and 30 just the same as in said figure, the coils 2,9 being located in air induction pipes corresponding tothe air induction pipe 25 shown in l said figure and designated by the saine reference character, and the coils V30 being-inclosed Vin water jackets 31 as in said figure.

The operation of the two-cycle type ofY engine just described is well understood and taken in connection with the above description of operation of the type of engine shown in Figs. 1 to 3 the functioning of the tubes 26 is readily understood as they function in the same manner as the tube 26 in Fig. 1 to circulate the mercuryr32 to transmit heat from the combustion ends of the cylinders to the opposite ends to heat theV air compressed in front of the pistons. In this instance thek expanded airv in front of the pistons exhausts through the exhaust ports 50. j

Intake valves, intake ports and valve gears iso for controlling the admission ofair to the cylinders in front of the pistons are indicated at 54, and 56 respectively. The term air used in this specification to designate the fluid charge in front of the pistons is understood to define any suitable elastic fluid whether atmospheric gases or other suitable gases.

It is understood that the ports 48 and air induction tube 25 arel connected to the air compressor 42, the connections notV showing in the drawings on account of thenature of the views, and that the air com-V pressor furnishes air under a predetermined ypressure to the cylinders behind and in front of the pistons.

I claim:

l. In combination, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, bustible charge into the cylinder behind the piston, means to introduce a charge of air into the cylinder in front of the piston, means to ignite the combustible charge, and means including tubing extending between opposite ends of the cylinder to transmit some of the heat of combustion to the charge of air when said air has been compressed by the piston.

2. In combination, a cylinder, a lpiston in the cylinder, means to introduce a combustible charge into the cylinder behind the piston, means to introduce a charge of air into the cylinder in iront of the piston, means to ignite the combustible charge, pipe coils in both'ends respectively of the cylinder in circuit with one another, and a heat conducting medium in the coils.

3. In combination, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, means to introduce a conibustible charge into the cylinder behind the piston, means to introduce a charge of air into the cylinder in frontof the piston,

means to ignite the combustible charge, and

meansr to establish a circuit of mercury between the opposite ends of said cylinder.

4. In combination, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, means to introduce a commeans to introduce a com-A bustible charge into `the cylinder behind thev means to introduce a charge of air,

piston, into the cylinder in front of the piston, means to ignite the combustible charge, pipe coils in both ends respectively of the cylinder in circuit with one another, and mercury in said coils to transmit heat of combustion to the charge of air.

' 5. In combination, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, means to introduce a combustible charge into the cylinder behind the piston, an air intake pipe connected Vto the cylinder in iront ofthe piston, a valve to control said air intake pipe, means to ignite the combustible charge, and means passing through .the air' intake pipe to circulate a heat-conducting medium inopposite ends jacent the combustion end of the cylinder,

and means passing through the air intake pipe and cooling Jacket to circulate a heatlconducting medium in opposite ends of the cylinder.

7. In combination, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, means to introduce a combustible charge into the cylinder behind the piston,

means to introduce a charge of elasl tic fluid into the cylinder in front of theV piston, means to ignite the combustible charge, and means to establish a circuit of heat-conducting medium between the opposite ends of said cylinder. p n,

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand at Phoenix, Arizona, this 29th day of July, 1916.

f DAVID `I-I. SMALLEY.

i In presence of- JULIAN A. GAUZ,

G. W. HERSHMAN.

Copies of this patent may` be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.V

f ashington, D. G. 

